{"id":7357,"date":"2026-11-02T09:28:53","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T09:28:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/?p=7357"},"modified":"2026-11-02T15:24:16","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T15:24:16","slug":"hlauparinn-og-logmal-kameldyrsins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/?p=7357","title":{"rendered":"Hlauparinn og l\u00f6gm\u00e1l kameld\u00fdrsins"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J\u00f3hann \u00d6rn Sigurj\u00f3nsson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Velti\u00f0 fyrir ykkur eftirfarandi a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um: Ma\u00f0ur hleypur \u00e1 hlaupabretti eftir tveimur hra\u00f0astillingum til skiptis \u00ed fimm m\u00edn\u00fatna lotum &#8211; \u00ed tv\u00e6r m\u00edn\u00fatur \u00e1 hra\u00f0anum 7,5 km\/klst. og \u00ed \u00ferj\u00e1r m\u00edn\u00fatur \u00e1 9,5 km\/klst. Hver er me\u00f0alhra\u00f0i hlauparans \u00ed einni lotu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9g skal upplj\u00f3stra \u00fev\u00ed strax. \u00c9g var hlauparinn og \u00e9g velti \u00feessu fyrir m\u00e9r \u00e1 me\u00f0an \u00e9g hlj\u00f3p. \u00cd grunninn byggir lausn \u00feessa verkefnis \u00e1 a\u00f0 skilja og beita hugtakinu <em>vegi\u00f0 me\u00f0altal<\/em>. \u00c9g kem til me\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00fdna \u00fatreikninginn h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir en \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki a\u00f0alatri\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00ednum huga. Fyrst og fremst vil \u00e9g \u00ed \u00feessari grein beina sj\u00f3num a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast verkefni\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6rl\u00edti\u00f0 annan veg, og \u00fea\u00f0 sem meira er (og merkilegra, a\u00f0 m\u00e9r \u00feykir): hva\u00f0a l\u00f6gm\u00e1l b\u00fdr \u00fear a\u00f0 baki. L\u00f6gm\u00e1lin leynast gjarnan undir reikningnum ef vel er a\u00f0 g\u00e1\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dear sem \u00e9g var staddur sveittur og hlaupandi \u00e1 bretti st\u00f3\u00f0 m\u00e9r ekki annar kostur til bo\u00f0a en a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 leysa verkefni\u00f0 \u00ed huganum. En \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e9g telji mig sj\u00e1lfan s\u00e6milega sleipan \u00ed hugarreikningi \u00fe\u00e1 fannst m\u00e9r eins og \u00fea\u00f0 hlyti a\u00f0 vera til au\u00f0veldari lei\u00f0 til a\u00f0 reikna me\u00f0alhra\u00f0ann en a\u00f0 reikna margfeldi og kv\u00f3ta \u00feessara tugabrota (og reyndar eru nokkrar lei\u00f0ir til). Inns\u00e6i mitt sag\u00f0i m\u00e9r a\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an yr\u00f0i s\u00fa sama ef \u00e9g breytti spurningunni ofurl\u00edti\u00f0. \u00cd sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 spyrja beint \u201eHver er me\u00f0alhra\u00f0inn?\u201d \u00fe\u00e1 spyr\u00f0i \u00e9g \u201eEf 7,5 km\/klst. er grunnhra\u00f0inn, hverju b\u00e6tir t\u00edmabundni spretthra\u00f0inn 9,5 km\/klst. vi\u00f0?\u201d. N\u00fdja spurningin kann a\u00f0 vera or\u00f0meiri og kynna til s\u00f6gunnar hugt\u00f6k sem \u00fearf a\u00f0eins a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1, en h\u00fan einfaldar m\u00e9r hugarreikninginn &#8211; e\u00f0a svo taldi \u00e9g m\u00e9r tr\u00fa um.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00de\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fatreikningnum. Mismunur hra\u00f0astillinganna, \u00fe.e. 9,5 og 7,5, er 2. \u00dear sem hver lota er \u00ed heildina fimm m\u00edn\u00fatur, \u00fe\u00e1 hugsa\u00f0i \u00e9g sem svo a\u00f0 fyrir hverja m\u00edn\u00fatu sem sprett er \u00fe\u00e1 eykst me\u00f0alhra\u00f0inn um 2\/5. \u00dear sem 3 af hverjum 5 m\u00edn\u00fatum eru \u00e1 spretthra\u00f0anum \u00fe\u00e1 b\u00e6tir t\u00edmabundni spretthra\u00f0inn vi\u00f0: <math data-latex=\"(2 \\cdot 3)\/5 = 6\/5\"><semantics><mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mi>\/<\/mi><mn>5<\/mn><mo>=<\/mo><mn>6<\/mn><mi>\/<\/mi><mn>5<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">(2 \\cdot 3)\/5 = 6\/5<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. S\u00e9 \u00fea\u00f0 lagt vi\u00f0 grunnhra\u00f0ann 7,5 km\/klst. f\u00e6st me\u00f0alhra\u00f0i hlauparans: 8,7 km\/klst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Er \u00fe\u00e1 verkefni\u00f0 leyst og pistlinum loki\u00f0? \u00dear sem \u00e9g sat n\u00fa \u00ed heitum potti a\u00f0 hlaupinu loknu f\u00f3r \u00e9g a\u00f0 hugsa hva\u00f0 hafi sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 bakvi\u00f0 \u00feetta inns\u00e6i mitt. Gildir \u00feetta ekki almennt? Ef svo er, hl\u00fdtur ekki einhvert l\u00f6gm\u00e1l a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 verki \u00e1 bakvi\u00f0 tj\u00f6ldin?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Til a\u00f0 svara \u00fev\u00ed \u00fearf \u00e9g a\u00f0 rifja upp form\u00falu fyrir vegi\u00f0 me\u00f0altal. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed tilfelli \u00fear sem um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a tv\u00e6r st\u00e6r\u00f0ir er form\u00fala fyrir vegi\u00f0 me\u00f0altal (<math data-latex=\"\\bar{x}\"><semantics><mover><mi>x<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-xshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">\u203e<\/mo><\/mover><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\bar{x}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>), \u00fear sem <math data-latex=\"w_i\"><semantics><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">w_i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> t\u00e1knar vigt fyrir s\u00e9rhverja st\u00e6r\u00f0 <math data-latex=\"x_i\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-math\"><math display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mover><mi>x<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-xshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">\u203e<\/mo><\/mover><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mspace width=\"2em\"><\/mspace><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\bar{x}=\\frac{w_1x_1+w_2x_2}{w_1+w_2} \\qquad (1)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd m\u00ednu hlaupad\u00e6mi var um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a <math data-latex=\"w_1= 2, x_1= 7,5, w_2= 3, x_2= 9,5.\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>7,5<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>9,5.<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">w_1= 2, x_1= 7,5, w_2= 3, x_2= 9,5.<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 sannreyna me\u00f0 innsetningu a\u00f0 \u00fat kemur 8,7 (og raunar er \u00fea\u00f0 alveg reiknanlegt \u00ed huganum, \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 minnsta \u00feegar ekki er veri\u00f0 \u00e1 hlaupum).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sj\u00e1um \u00fe\u00e1 hvort okkur getur l\u00e1nast a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fat s\u00f6mu ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u ef vi\u00f0 lei\u00f0um okkur \u00fat fr\u00e1 inns\u00e6is-n\u00e1lguninni (\u00feessi hluti \u00feurfti a\u00f0 b\u00ed\u00f0a heimkomu me\u00f0 bla\u00f0 og skriff\u00e6ri vi\u00f0 h\u00f6nd). Ef vi\u00f0 l\u00e1tum <math data-latex=\"x_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> t\u00e1kna grunnhra\u00f0ann, <math data-latex=\"x_2\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> t\u00e1kna spretthra\u00f0ann og <math data-latex=\"w_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">w_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> og <math data-latex=\"w_2\"><semantics><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">w_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> vera vi\u00f0eigandi t\u00edmalengdir (vigtir) hvors hra\u00f0a um sig, \u00fe\u00e1 m\u00e1 t\u00e1kna \u00fatreikninginn sem l\u00fdst var a\u00f0 ofan me\u00f0 \u201ehlaupast\u00e6\u00f0unni\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-math\"><math display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mspace width=\"2em\"><\/mspace><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1 + (x_2-x_1) \\cdot \\frac{w_2}{w_1+w_2} \\qquad (2)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Til \u00fatsk\u00fdringar: <math data-latex=\"(x_2-x_1)\"><semantics><mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">(x_2-x_1)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> er mismunur hra\u00f0astillinganna (2 \u00ed m\u00ednu tilfelli), og <math data-latex=\"\\frac{w_2}{w_1+w_2}\"><semantics><mfrac><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{w_2}{w_1+w_2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> er hlutfalli\u00f0 sem sprett er (3 af hverjum 5 m\u00edn\u00fatum).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00fa n\u00e6gja eftirfarandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00e1 \u00feessa st\u00e6\u00f0u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>gera li\u00f0ina samnefnda upp \u00e1 eitt brotastrik,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>beita dreifireglu \u00ed teljaranum,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hreinsa li\u00f0ina til.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00de\u00e1 blasir kunnugleg ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a vi\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"--spbadd-font-size-mobile:13px;\" class=\"wp-block-math superb-addons-has-font-size-mobile\"><math display=\"block\"><semantics><mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" class=\"tml-jot\"><mtr><mtd class=\"tml-right\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">(<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/mtd><mtd class=\"tml-left\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/mtd><\/mtr><mtr><mtd class=\"tml-right\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><\/mrow><\/mtd><mtd class=\"tml-left\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/mtd><\/mtr><mtr><mtd class=\"tml-right\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><\/mrow><\/mtd><mtd class=\"tml-left\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><mrow><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\begin{aligned}\nx_1 + \\frac{(x_2-x_1)w_2}{w_1+w_2}\n&amp;= \\frac{x_1(w_1+w_2)+(x_2-x_1)w_2}{w_1+w_2} \\\\\n&amp;= \\frac{x_1w_1+x_1w_2+x_2w_2-x_1w_2}{w_1+w_2} \\\\\n&amp;= \\frac{w_1x_1+w_2x_2}{w_1+w_2}\n\\end{aligned}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eins og vonast er til, \u00fe\u00e1 eru \u00feessar st\u00e6\u00f0ur jafngildar; \u201ehlaupast\u00e6\u00f0an\u201d (2) er jafngild form\u00falu vegins me\u00f0altals (1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00fa vil \u00e9g varpa fram lykilspurningu: Hva\u00f0 ef vi\u00f0 hef\u00f0um byrja\u00f0 \u00e1 form\u00falu vegins me\u00f0altals og \u00e6tla\u00f0 okkur a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a \u00fat \u201e\u00ed hina \u00e1ttina\u201d? \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0um vi\u00f0 leitt \u00fat \u00ed \u00f6fugri r\u00f6\u00f0 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem fyrir ofan stendur, me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i a\u00f0 enda me\u00f0 hlaupast\u00e6\u00f0una. Strax \u00ed fyrsta skrefi hef\u00f0um vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feurft a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta okkur detta eitt snjallr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed hug: a\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i leggja vi\u00f0 og draga fr\u00e1 s\u00f6mu st\u00e6r\u00f0ina, \u00fe.e. \u201eblanda\u00f0a\u201d li\u00f0inn \u00ed \u00ed teljaranum, <math data-latex=\"x_1w_2\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1w_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed erum vi\u00f0 \u00ed raun a\u00f0 leggja vi\u00f0 samlagningarhlutleysuna 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00deetta snjallr\u00e6\u00f0i er \u00f6flugt: H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 umrita st\u00e6\u00f0u <math data-latex=\"x\"><semantics><mi>x<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 framkv\u00e6ma a\u00f0ger\u00f0 me\u00f0 hlutleysu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00cd tilfelli samlagningar er hlutleysan 0 l\u00f6g\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1 forminu <math data-latex=\"y-y\"><semantics><mrow><mi>y<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y-y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>, \u00fe.e. <math data-latex=\"x = x + (y-y)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>x<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>y<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>y<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x = x + (y-y)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cd tilfelli margf\u00f6ldunar er hlutleysan 1 margf\u00f6ldu\u00f0 \u00e1 forminu <math data-latex=\"\\frac{y}{y}\"><semantics><mfrac><mi>y<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mfrac><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{y}{y}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>, \u00fe.e. <math data-latex=\"x = x \\cdot \\frac{y}{y}\"><semantics><mrow><mi>x<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><mi>y<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x = x \\cdot \\frac{y}{y}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> (\u00fear sem <math data-latex=\"y \\neq 0\"><semantics><mrow><mi>y<\/mi><mo>\u2260<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y \\neq 0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00de\u00e1 m\u00e1 n\u00e1lgast verkefni\u00f0 me\u00f0 st\u00e6\u00f0unni <math data-latex=\"x\"><semantics><mi>x<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>, hver sem st\u00e6\u00f0an <math data-latex=\"x\"><semantics><mi>x<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> er, \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru sj\u00f3narhorni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd tilfelli hlaupad\u00e6misins var <math data-latex=\"x\"><semantics><mi>x<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> form\u00falan fyrir vegi\u00f0 me\u00f0altal, og <math data-latex=\"y\"><semantics><mi>y<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> var blanda\u00f0i li\u00f0urinn <math data-latex=\"x_1w_2\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1w_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> lag\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 ofan \u00e1 brotastriki, \u00fear sem <math data-latex=\"x_1w_2\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1w_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> samanstendur af grunnhra\u00f0anum <math data-latex=\"x_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> sinnum t\u00edmalengd spretthra\u00f0ans, <math data-latex=\"w_2\"><semantics><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">w_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. Eftirleikurinn \u00ed \u00fatlei\u00f0slunni er \u00fe\u00e1 bara \u00ferj\u00fa skref:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>beita dreifireglu til a\u00f0 taka <math data-latex=\"w_2\"><semantics><msub><mi>w<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">w_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u00fat fyrir sviga og taka <math data-latex=\"x_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u00fat fyrir sviga,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>skrifa hvorn li\u00f0 sem tv\u00f6 a\u00f0skilin brot,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stytta \u00fat svigann me\u00f0 li\u00f0num <math data-latex=\"x_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00fa vill svo til a\u00f0 \u00feetta snjallr\u00e6\u00f0i hefur fari\u00f0 um vefinn undir heitinu <em>l\u00f6gm\u00e1l kameld\u00fdrsins<\/em> (e. The Camel Principle). L\u00f6gm\u00e1li\u00f0 er s\u00e9rlega gagnlegt vi\u00f0 hvers kyns r\u00f6ksemdaf\u00e6rslur og sannanir \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i, \u00fe\u00e1 gjarnan me\u00f0 tengsl vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur l\u00f6gm\u00e1l. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-26-at-15.36.55-1024x545.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-26-at-15.36.55-1024x545.png 1024w, https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-26-at-15.36.55-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-26-at-15.36.55-766x408.png 766w, https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-26-at-15.36.55-1536x818.png 1536w, https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-26-at-15.36.55-2048x1091.png 2048w, https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-26-at-15.36.55-849x452.png 849w, https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-26-at-15.36.55-299x159.png 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Til d\u00e6mis kemur \u00fea\u00f0 gjarnan vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu \u00ed kennslub\u00f3kum vi\u00f0 \u00fatlei\u00f0slu lausnarj\u00f6fnu fyrir annars stigs margli\u00f0ur. \u00de\u00e1 er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fylla \u00ed ferning, vanalega me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i leggja vi\u00f0 og draga fr\u00e1 li\u00f0inn <math data-latex=\"\\frac{b^2}{4a^2}\"><semantics><mfrac><msup><mi>b<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mrow><mn>4<\/mn><msup><mi>a<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mfrac><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{b^2}{4a^2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>, \u00fear sem <math data-latex=\"a\"><semantics><mi>a<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">a<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> og <math data-latex=\"b\"><semantics><mi>b<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">b<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> eru fastar \u00ed j\u00f6fnunni <math data-latex=\"ax^2+bx+c=0\"><semantics><mrow><mi>a<\/mi><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><mi>b<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mi>c<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">ax^2+bx+c=0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. \u00derautir \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ikeppnum eiga \u00fea\u00f0 einnig til a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta reyna \u00e1 sams konar \u00fatsj\u00f3narsemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Einfalt hversdagsverkefni hlaupara, sem reynir af veikum m\u00e6tti a\u00f0 reikna \u00ed huganum samt\u00edmis \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hlaupa, leiddi hann h\u00e9r a\u00f0 snjallr\u00e6\u00f0i, e\u00f0a l\u00f6gm\u00e1li, vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skilja af hverju hans \u201eeinfaldari\u201d \u00fatreikningur kann a\u00f0 eiga vi\u00f0 einhver r\u00f6k a\u00f0 sty\u00f0jast. L\u00edkast til hafa margar sannanir fari\u00f0 \u00feessa s\u00f6mu lei\u00f0. Einhvert inns\u00e6i, jafnvel eftir \u00ferotlausa vinnu vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 gl\u00edma vi\u00f0 verkefni, segir a\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 s\u00e9 tr\u00falegt til a\u00f0 vera jafngilt. S\u00ed\u00f0an \u00feegar li\u00f0ir \u00ed algebrust\u00e6\u00f0um styttast \u00fat og s\u00fdna jafngildi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 skapast \u00fe\u00f6rf til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 \u201e\u00ed hina \u00e1ttina\u201d, til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna r\u00f6klegu samhengi og uppbyggingu st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0innar s\u00f3ma. \u00de\u00e1 \u00fearf a\u00f0 \u201eb\u00faa li\u00f0ina til upp \u00e1 n\u00fdtt\u201d og l\u00f6gm\u00e1l kameld\u00fdrsins kemur \u00f3beint til skjalanna. Hvort kameld\u00fdrsheiti\u00f0 hafi forsendur til a\u00f0 festa sig \u00ed sessi skal \u00f3sagt l\u00e1ti\u00f0. En fyrir mitt leyti eiga \u00f6flugar hugmyndir skili\u00f0 gr\u00edpandi nafn, hva\u00f0 sem kann a\u00f0 festast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:30% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"390\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-31-at-11.15.12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6062 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-31-at-11.15.12.png 390w, https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-31-at-11.15.12-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-31-at-11.15.12-300x449.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>J\u00f3hann \u00d6rn Sigurj\u00f3nsson, S\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0imenntun, Matssvi\u00f0, Mi\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0 menntunar og sk\u00f3la\u00fej\u00f3nustu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J\u00f3hann \u00d6rn Sigurj\u00f3nsson. Velti\u00f0 fyrir ykkur eftirfarandi a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um: Ma\u00f0ur hleypur \u00e1 hlaupabretti eftir tveimur hra\u00f0astillingum til skiptis \u00ed fimm m\u00edn\u00fatna lotum &#8211; \u00ed tv\u00e6r m\u00edn\u00fatur \u00e1 hra\u00f0anum 7,5 km\/klst. og \u00ed \u00ferj\u00e1r m\u00edn\u00fatur \u00e1 9,5 km\/klst. Hver er me\u00f0alhra\u00f0i hlauparans \u00ed einni lotu? \u00c9g skal upplj\u00f3stra \u00fev\u00ed strax. \u00c9g var hlauparinn og \u00e9g velti \u00feessu&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7375,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[272,270,273,15,271],"class_list":["post-7357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-hlauparinn-og-logmal-kameldyrsins","tag-johann-orn-sigurjonsson","tag-logmal-kameldyrsins","tag-staerdfraediverkefni","tag-vegid-medaltal"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7357"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7447,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7357\/revisions\/7447"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}