{"id":59,"date":"2022-12-07T18:58:29","date_gmt":"2022-12-07T18:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/flatarmal.is\/?p=59"},"modified":"2023-01-23T22:06:43","modified_gmt":"2023-01-23T22:06:43","slug":"how-to-write-10000-words-a-week","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/?p=59","title":{"rendered":"S\u00d6GUHORNI\u00d0: Kve\u00f0skapur og st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Krist\u00edn Bjarnad\u00f3ttir<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\r\n

Ofm\u00e6lt er ef til vill a\u00f0 allt s\u00e9 st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i eins og stundum heyrist fleygt \u00feegar f\u00f3lk vill tj\u00e1 vir\u00f0ingu s\u00edna og hrifningu \u00e1 undrum st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0innar. \u00d6\u00f0rum dettur f\u00e1tt \u00ed hug nema pl\u00fas og m\u00ednus \u00feegar minnst er \u00e1 st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og hrista kollinn yfir yfirdrifnu lofi. Sumir \u00fe\u00e6ttir menningar og n\u00e1tt\u00faru geyma samt st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg mynstur \u00feegar a\u00f0 er g\u00e1\u00f0. Gott d\u00e6mi er t\u00f3nlist. Margv\u00edsleg mynstur leynast \u00ed t\u00f3nfr\u00e6\u00f0i. T\u00f3nh\u00e6\u00f0in, t\u00ed\u00f0ni hvers t\u00f3ns, er hrein tala. E\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0in \u00e1 ekki a\u00f0eins sk\u00fdringar \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0ni heldur einnig \u00e1
samhlj\u00f3mi \u00f3l\u00edkra t\u00f3na. \u00de\u00e1 er \u00f3nefndur taktur og lengd hvers t\u00f3ns.<\/p>\r\n

N\u00e1skyldur t\u00f3nlistinni er kve\u00f0skapur. \u00cdslenskur kve\u00f0skapur er fl\u00e9tta\u00f0ur saman \u00ed h\u00e1ttbundi\u00f0 mynstur me\u00f0 r\u00edmi, takti, lengd bragli\u00f0a og v\u00edsuor\u00f0a (l\u00edna), \u00e1hersluatkv\u00e6\u00f0um og ni\u00f0urr\u00f6\u00f0un stu\u00f0la og h\u00f6fu\u00f0stafa. S\u00e9u v\u00edsur lesnar upph\u00e1tt heyrist gl\u00f6gglega taktur sem bindur saman r\u00e9tt kve\u00f0na v\u00edsu. Takturinn er kominn undir lengd v\u00edsuor\u00f0a og bragli\u00f0a en hann er enn betur nj\u00f6rva\u00f0ur ni\u00f0ur af lj\u00f3\u00f0st\u00f6fum: stu\u00f0lum og h\u00f6fu\u00f0st\u00f6fum. Allt \u00feetta hj\u00e1lpar til vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 muna kve\u00f0skapinn og efni hans. Fyrr \u00e1 t\u00edmum var kve\u00f0skapur gjarnan nota\u00f0ur til kennslu. G\u00e1tur og heilabrot eins og reikningsd\u00e6mi voru gjarnan sett fram \u00ed v\u00edsnaformi. \u00cd g\u00f6mlu handriti \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0arb\u00f3khl\u00f6\u00f0u, Lbs. 2397, 4to, er \u00feessa g\u00e1tu a\u00f0 finna:<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

Vinnuma\u00f0urinn vildi f\u00e1
verkalaunin b\u00f3nda hj\u00e1,
\u00c9g s\u00e1 flj\u00faga fugla \u00ferj\u00e1,
fl\u00fdtum oss a\u00f0 vei\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n

Andir fyrir alin tv\u00e6r,
\u00e1lftin j\u00f6fn vi\u00f0 fj\u00f3rar \u00fe\u00e6r,\"\"
Tittlingana t\u00edu n\u00e6r,
t\u00f3k \u00e9g fyrir alin \u00ed g\u00e6r.<\/p>\r\n

Af fuglakyni \u00feessu \u00fe\u00e1,
til \u00ferj\u00e1t\u00edu \u00e1lna reikna m\u00e1.
\u00de\u00f3 vil \u00e9g ekki fleiri f\u00e1,
en fugl og alin standist \u00e1.<\/p>\r\n

\"B\u00f6rn
Bj\u00f6rn Gunnlaugsson<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

Bj\u00f6rn Gunnlaugsson (1788\u20131876) st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ikennari \u00ed L\u00e6r\u00f0a sk\u00f3lanum \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk sag\u00f0i:<\/p>\r\n

\u00deetta d\u00e6mi st\u00f3\u00f0 sem g\u00e1ta \u00ed g\u00f6mlu stafr\u00f3fskveri, er kalla\u00f0ist Gunnarskver, en h\u00f6fundur \u00feess, Gunnar P\u00e1lsson, sk\u00f3lameistari \u00e1 H\u00f3lum en s\u00ed\u00f0ar pr\u00f3fastur \u00ed Dalas\u00fdslu, kalla\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 St\u00f6funarbarn. \u00deetta stafr\u00f3fskver var merkilegt fyrir m\u00e9r, \u00fev\u00ed m\u00f3\u00f0ir m\u00edn s\u00e6la, \u00d3l\u00f6f Bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir l\u00e9t mig stafa \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0, \u00feegar \u00e9g var st\u00f6funarbarn. <\/em>(Lbs. 2397, 4to., 1375)<\/p>\r\n

\u00cd stuttu m\u00e1li fjallar g\u00e1tan um a\u00f0 finna \u00ferj\u00e1t\u00edu fugla sem reikna m\u00e1 til 30 \u00e1lna ver\u00f0s. Fuglarnir eru af \u00ferennu tagi, endur, \u00e1lftir og tittlingar. Ver\u00f0 fuglanna er mismunandi. \u00d6ndin reiknast til h\u00e1lfrar \u00e1lnar, fj\u00f3rar endur jafngilda einni \u00e1lft. \u00c1lftin kostar \u00fe\u00e1 tv\u00e6r \u00e1lnir, en t\u00edu tittlingar f\u00e1st fyrir eina alin svo a\u00f0 hver tittlingur er vir\u00f0i 1\/10 \u00far alin.<\/p>\r\n

Finna skal fj\u00f6lda \u00feriggja fugla en a\u00f0eins tvennar uppl\u00fdsingar eru gefnar, heildarfj\u00f6ldi fuglanna og ver\u00f0\"\" hvers og eins. Alla jafna \u00e6tti sl\u00edkt d\u00e6mi a\u00f0 hafa \u00f3endanlegan fj\u00f6lda lausna, en \u00ed d\u00e6minu leynast fleiri uppl\u00fdsingar. Ekki \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 bera fram lausn sem felur \u00ed s\u00e9r brot \u00far fugli e\u00f0a engan fugl af einhverju tagi. Lausnirnar ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 vera \u00ferj\u00e1r heilar j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0ar t\u00f6lur. G\u00e1tunni fylgir lausn \u00ed bundnu m\u00e1li og h\u00fan er birt aftast \u00ed \u00feessari grein.<\/p>\r\n

Sm\u00e1riti\u00f0 L\u00edti\u00f0 ungt st\u00f6funarbarn \u00fe\u00f3 ei illa stautandi<\/em> eftir Gunnar P\u00e1lsson var prenta\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1782 \u00ed
skamml\u00edfri prentsmi\u00f0ju \u00ed Hrappsey. Hrappseyjarprentsmi\u00f0ja, starfr\u00e6kt 1773\u20131794, var fyrsta
prentsmi\u00f0jan \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00fear sem einungis veraldleg rit voru prentu\u00f0, enda h\u00f6f\u00f0u biskupsst\u00f3larnir einir
r\u00e9tt \u00e1 a\u00f0 prenta tr\u00faarleg rit. Tveimur \u00f6ldum s\u00ed\u00f0ar, \u00e1ri\u00f0 1982, var kveri\u00f0 lj\u00f3sprenta\u00f0 me\u00f0 form\u00e1la eftir
Gunnar Sveinsson og gefi\u00f0 \u00fat af I\u00f0unni.<\/p>\r\n

\u00cd kverinu St\u00f6funarbarn<\/em> er \u00fdmis gagnlegur barnal\u00e6rd\u00f3mur. Byrja\u00f0 er \u00e1 stafr\u00f3finu og v\u00edsan g\u00f3\u00f0a sem
Gunnar Sveinsson telur a\u00f0 Gunnar P\u00e1lsson hafi sami\u00f0, notu\u00f0 til hj\u00e1lpar:<\/p>\r\n

A, b, c, d, e, f, g,
Eftir kemur h, i, k,
l, m, n og einnig p,
\u00e6tla \u00e9g q \u00fear standi hj\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n

r, s, t, u, v eru \u00fear n\u00e6st,
x, y, z, \u00fe, \u00e6, \u00f6,
allt stafr\u00f3fi\u00f0 er svo l\u00e6st
\u00ed erindin \u00feessi l\u00edtil tv\u00f6.<\/p>\r\n

S\u00ed\u00f0an er haldi\u00f0 \u00e1fram me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kynna \u201eh\u00e6gustu atkv\u00e6\u00f0in\u201c ab, eb , ib \u2026, af, ef, if \u2026 og svo framvegis og \u00fea\u00f0an yfir \u00ed fl\u00f3knari atkv\u00e6\u00f0i og heil or\u00f0. Gunnar Sveinsson segir flokkun stafanna eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvar og hvernig hlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00feeirra myndast, hafa veri\u00f0 algera n\u00fdjung \u00ed stafr\u00f3fskverum s\u00edns t\u00edma og fyrirmynd n\u00fdrri stafr\u00f3fskvera. L\u00f6g\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00e1hersla \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00e6fa kerfisbundi\u00f0 helstu stafasamb\u00f6nd \u00ed m\u00e1linu og kveri\u00f0 s\u00e9 sami\u00f0 af al\u00fa\u00f0 og vandvirkni. Kennsla s\u00e9ra. Gunnars P\u00e1lssonar hafi l\u00edka veri\u00f0 talin \u201eeinhver
hin \u00e1vaxtasamasta, lempilegasta og ind\u00e6lasta\u201c.<\/p>\r\n

S\u00ed\u00f0ari partur kversins er \u201etil frekari st\u00f6funar i\u00f0kunar.\u201c \u00dear er a\u00f0 finna gott safn af 233 m\u00e1lsh\u00e1ttum og nokkrar g\u00e1tur. Flestar g\u00e1turnar eru barn s\u00edns t\u00edma, um g\u00f6gn og \u00e1h\u00f6ld til b\u00faskapar, en sumar hafa sta\u00f0ist t\u00edmans t\u00f6nn. H\u00e9r er alkunn g\u00e1ta:<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0G\u00e1ta 1: Fullt h\u00fas matar og finnast hvergi dyrnar \u00e1?<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Og \u00f6nnur minna kunn:<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0G\u00e1ta 2: Liggur \u00ed g\u00f6ngum, me\u00f0 l\u00f6ngum sp\u00f6ngum, gulli fegri, og getur enginn uppteki\u00f0?<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Kverinu l\u00fdkur me\u00f0 kynningu \u00e1 t\u00f6lust\u00f6fum, \u201ehinum almennilegu\u201c, \u00fea\u00f0 er ind\u00f3-arab\u00edsku
talnat\u00e1knunum, r\u00f3mverskum talnat\u00e1knum, t\u00f6lum t\u00e1knu\u00f0um me\u00f0 or\u00f0um, b\u00e6\u00f0i frumt\u00f6lum og
ra\u00f0t\u00f6lum, ritun brotinna talna og loks margf\u00f6ldunart\u00f6flunni, b\u00e6\u00f0i hinni litlu \u2013 Tabula Pythagorica \u2013
og hinni st\u00f3ru.<\/p>\r\n

Sv\u00f6r vi\u00f0 g\u00e1tum:<\/strong>
Fuglag\u00e1tan:
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00c1lftir fj\u00f3rt\u00e1n eru h\u00e9r til<\/em>
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0og einum tittling fleira.<\/em>
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00c1 einni geri \u00e9g \u00f6nd \u00fe\u00e9r skil,<\/em>
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ekki f\u00e6r\u00f0u meira.<\/em>
G\u00e1ta 1: Egg er fullt h\u00fas matar sem finnast hvergi dyr \u00e1.<\/em>
G\u00e1ta 2: S\u00f3largeisli liggur \u00ed g\u00f6ngum me\u00f0 l\u00f6ngum sp\u00f6ngum, gulli fegri.<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Heimildir<\/strong>
Gunnar P\u00e1lsson (1982). Lijtid wngt st\u00f8funar barn.<\/em> Form\u00e1li eftir Gunnar Sveinsson. I\u00f0unn.
Lbs. 2397, 4to. T\u00f6lv\u00edsi I (prenta\u00f0) og II (handrit).<\/p>\r\n

Krist\u00edn Bjarnad\u00f3ttir er <\/em>pr\u00f3fessor emerita vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands<\/em><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Krist\u00edn Bjarnad\u00f3ttir Ofm\u00e6lt er ef til vill a\u00f0 allt s\u00e9 st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i eins og stundum heyrist fleygt \u00feegar f\u00f3lk vill tj\u00e1 vir\u00f0ingu s\u00edna og hrifningu \u00e1 undrum st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0innar. \u00d6\u00f0rum dettur f\u00e1tt \u00ed hug nema pl\u00fas og m\u00ednus \u00feegar minnst er \u00e1 st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og hrista kollinn yfir yfirdrifnu lofi. Sumir \u00fe\u00e6ttir menningar og n\u00e1tt\u00faru geyma samt st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":353,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59\/revisions\/118"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flatarmal.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}